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259. Revised 2003 from: Legner, E. F. 1993. Theory for quantitative inheritance of behavior in a protelean parasitoid, Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). European J. Entomol.. 90: 11-21.

{ NOTE All Muscidifurax females regularly superparasitize their hosts (i.e., deposit more than one egg on a host pupa). However, in gregarious sibling species development results in the survival of more than one individual to the adult stage. In solitary species only a single individual survives to the adult stage. Although the number of eggs laid on a host may also influence survival number, the present account measures only adult emergence.

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Table 1-a, Table 1-b Table 1-c

Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4

[Please refer also to Related Research #1; #2 , Extended Treatment ►]